Prova con lsof.
codice:
matteo@teoaxubuntu:~$ sudo lsof /dev/ttyUSB0
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon file system /home/matteo/.gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND    PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
modem-man  478 root   25u   CHR  188,0      0t0 7345 /dev/ttyUSB0
pppd      1434 root   11u   CHR  188,0      0t0 7345 /dev/ttyUSB0