Intendi qualcosa del genere ?

codice:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    <input name="button_sample" id="button_sample" type="checkbox" value="1">

    <div class="formgroup">
        <input name="sample_fr" type="text" value="">
        <input name="sample_de" type="text" value="">
        <input name="sample_fr" type="text" value="">

        <input name="descrizione_fr" type="text" value="">
        <input name="descrizione_fr" type="text" value="">
        <input name="descrizione_fr" type="text" value="">
    </div>


    <script>
        const check = document.getElementById('button_sample')
        const allInput = document.querySelectorAll('.formgroup > input')

        const newValue = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

        const checkAction = () => {
            allInput.forEach((input, idx) => {
                input.value = newValue[idx]
            });
        }

        const checkReset = () => {
            allInput.forEach(input => {
                input.value = ''
            });
        }
        check.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
            e.target.checked
                ? checkAction()
                : checkReset()
        })
    </script>
</body>

</html>