devi usare preg_match_all:

codice:
$stringa="56ciao123dada34caca43";
preg_match_all("/[0-9]{2,}/",$stringa,$ris);
print_r($ris); //Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => 56 [1] => 123 [2] => 34 [3] => 43 ) )