Il messaggio va inviato al textbox che sta all'interno della finestra del notepad. Devi quindi ottenere l'handle di questa textbox per usare la SendMessage.
Per farlo devi usare la FindWindow e FindWindowEx, ovvero
codice:
Private Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32.dll" Alias "SendMessageA" _
(ByVal hwnd As Integer, ByVal wMsg As Integer, ByVal wParam As Integer, ByVal lParam As Integer) As Integer
Private Declare Function FindWindow Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowA" _
(ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr
Private Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32.dll" Alias "FindWindowExA" _
(ByVal hWnd1 As IntPtr, ByVal hWnd2 As IntPtr, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As IntPtr
Private WM_CHAR As Integer = &H102
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim notepadHandle As IntPtr = FindWindow("Notepad", Nothing)
Dim editHandle As IntPtr = FindWindowEx(notepadHandle, IntPtr.Zero, "Edit", Nothing)
SendMessage(editHandle, WM_CHAR, &H45, 1)
End Sub